Pre-Colonial Period
Before the arrival of the Spaniards, Cateel was already home to indigenous Mandaya tribes who lived along the rivers and forests of the area. These early settlers had a rich culture and traditions, practicing agriculture, fishing, and weaving. Their way of life was deeply connected to nature and governed by tribal customs and leadership.

Spanish Era
Cateel is considered one of the oldest towns in Eastern Mindanao, with its roots tracing back to Spanish colonization in the early 1600s. It was one of the first places in the region where Christianity was introduced by Spanish missionaries. The Jesuits and later the Recollect missionaries established a mission in Cateel, building churches and schools while spreading Catholic faith among the natives. Cateel was formally recognized as a pueblo under Spanish governance, and it became a vital religious and administrative center in the Davao Oriental area.

American Period and World War II
During the American era, Cateel continued to progress with the introduction of public education, infrastructure, and local governance systems. When World War II broke out, Cateel was not spared from the conflict. Japanese forces occupied the town, and many residents joined the resistance, showing bravery and resilience. After the war, the people of Cateel worked together to rebuild their homes and community.

Post-War Development
Cateel became a municipality under the province of Davao and later under Davao Oriental when it was created in 1967. The town continued to develop its agriculture, particularly abaca and coconut farming, which were the backbone of its local economy. Roads, schools, and health centers were gradually built, and the local government began programs focused on education, livelihood, and rural development.

Modern Cateel
Today, Cateel is known not only for its rich history but also for its natural wonders, most notably the majestic Aliwagwag Falls – one of the tallest and most scenic waterfalls in the Philippines. The municipality is committed to sustainable development, disaster resilience, and cultural preservation. While modernity brings new opportunities, Cateel remains deeply rooted in its heritage and proud of its journey as a resilient and thriving community in Davao Oriental.